小学英语语法知识二
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(三)形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
☆形容词的比较级☆
当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。
比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + (比)+ 什么 ,如:
I’m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger.
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④结尾是重读闭音节,而且结尾只有一个辅音时,双写这个辅音再加 “-er”,
例如:big – bigger, hot – hotter
除此之外,还有几个特殊的单词,它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的,如:
many / much(原形)– more(比较级)– most(最高级)
little / few(原形) – less (比较级)– least(最高级)
good(原形) – better(比较级) – best(最高级)
bad (原形) – worse(比较级) – worst(最高级)
far (原形) – further– furthest
附加:形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级,只是把词尾的er改成est,如:
tall (原形)- taller (比较级)- tallest (最高级)
long(原形)- longer(比较级)- longest(最高级)
big (原形)- bigger(比较级)- biggest(最高级)
☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
附:如果比较的两者是一样的时候,我们会用 as…as…这个词组,它的用法是:
什么+be+as+形容词原形+as+什么,意思是什么和什么一样……。如:
I’m as tall as you.(我和你一样高。)
My feet are as big as yours.(我的脚和你的一样大。)
4)形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法
①形容词/副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“最……”。
例如,Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earliest in his class.注意:Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.
②“the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“...是两者中较…的”。
如,Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
③“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。He is getting taller and taller.
④“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越…,越…,”。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make
5).最高级常用句型结构
①“主语+be+ the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
如,Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
②“主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“…是……中最……之一”。
如,Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
③序数词+最高级
Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.
比较级专项练习
一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子
heavy tall long much many big
(1) How is the Yellow River?
(2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.
(4) How is the white T-shirt? It’s 100 yuan.
(5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5
(6) How is the fish? It’s 2kg.
二、根据句意写出所缺的单词
(1) I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a football.
四、五年级英语根据答句写出问句
(1) I’m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years old.
(3) My shoes are 80 yuan.
(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.
(5) I have three English books.
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
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